#55 Fixes for OS-dependent build problems

This provides fixes and improvements for several problems occuring on some operating systems. * Use ID_LIKE instead of DISTRIB_ID to detect Linux distributions. This extends support to whole groups of related distributions (like Debian, Kali, Zorin and Ubuntu instead of only Ubuntu). * Use "python3 --version" in CMake to detect the Python version. This fixes building on Kali Linux. * On macOS, use "brew ls" to check for packages instead of always running "brew install". This prevents brew from updating the package index when not installing anything, and can massively reduce the time required to build. * Some distributions use quotes around the values of LSB-variables, so we now use sed to strip them away to reliably detect Linux distributions.